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目的 探讨老年人焦虑水平的潜在分类特征及其影响因素。方法 基于中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查（CLHLS）2018年数据，采用广泛性焦虑量表（GAD-7）对老年人群的焦虑水平进行评估，采用潜在剖面分析识别焦虑水平的潜在类别，运用多元logistic回归模型分析不同焦虑水平分类的相关影响因素。结果 老年人焦虑水平可划分为Q1（各题项得分均较低，72.95%）、Q2（各题项得分均处于中等水平，17.53%）和Q3（各题项得分均较高，9.52%）3类。多因素logistic回归分析显示，性别、受教育程度、经济状况、自评健康状况、抑郁、日常生活活动能力（ADL）与老年人焦虑水平有关（P均<0.05）。男性、受教育程度较高、经济状况较好者焦虑水平较低（P均<0.05）；自评健康状况较差、抑郁水平较高及ADL功能受限者焦虑水平较高（P均<0.05）。此外，初老期焦虑风险略高于高龄老年人，城乡差异在老年焦虑加重过程中存在着放大效应（P均<0.05）。结论 老年人以低焦虑水平为主。女性、受教育程度低、经济状况较差、ADL受限、自评健康状况较差以及存在抑郁倾向的老年人更易发生焦虑，应在筛查和干预中重点关注。
Abstract：Objective To explore the latent classification characteristics of anxiety levels among elderly and identify associated influencing factors. Methods Based on data from the 2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7) scale was used to assess anxiety levels in the elderly, Latent Profile Analysis(LPA) was employed to identify potential categories of anxiety levels, and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the factors associated with different anxiety level categories. Results Anxiety levels among elderly were classified into three categories: Q1(low scores on all items, 72. 95%), Q2(moderate scores on all items, 17. 53%), and Q3(high scores on all items, 9. 52%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that gender, education level, economic status, self-rated health status, depression, and activities of daily living(ADL) were associated with anxiety levels in the elderly(all P<0. 05). Male, higher education, and better economic status were associated with lower anxiety levels(all P<0. 05); whereas poorer self-rated health status, higher levels of depression, and ADL limitations were linked to higher anxiety levels(all P<0. 05). Additionally, the risk of anxiety was slightly higher in the younger elderly compared to the oldest-old, and urban-rural disparities appeared to amplify anxiety severity in the elderly(all P<0. 05). Conclusions Low anxiety levels are predominant among the elderly. The elderly who are female, have lower education and economic status, limited ADL, poorer self-rated health, and depressive tendencies are more prone to anxiety and should be prioritized in screening and intervention efforts.
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基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:R749.72
引用信息:
[1]张亚丰,杨珊珊,李佳,等.老年人焦虑水平的潜在特征及其影响因素分析[J].老年医学研究,2025,6(04):10-16.
基金信息:
河南省重大科技专项资助(241100310200,面向功能退变性慢病的主动健康数字化技术研发与应用示范)